A Scoping Review on Ethnomedicinal and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey and Their Relationship with the Phytochemical Contents

Validation Malay OCI-R
Vol. 21 No. 2 : 2026 (575-588)

Humayra Tasnim Humayra Tasnim
Lamia Alam Lamia Alam
Sharmin Akter Sharmin Akter
Irin Dewan Irin Dewan
Shihab Uddin Ahmad Shihab Uddin Ahmad

Abstract
Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey, a freshwater green alga, has been traditionally utilised across various cultures for its purported medicinal properties. Though it has many potential medicinal properties, there is not enough knowledge about this alga. This study delves into the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological aspects of R. riparium, aiming to elucidate its traditional uses and unravel the underlying phytochemical constituents responsible for its therapeutic potential. A critical literature search from various scientific electronic databases, such as SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost and additional sources, such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect was conducted for related articles published from the year 2006 to 2025. The initial search found total 1409 relevant articles. Through a meticulous selection process, only 12 articles were chosen as they successfully met all the inclusion criteria. All of the studies reported moderate to noticeable positive effects of R. riparium against ethnomedicinal properties. In vitro chemical assay revealed significant antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. The phytochemical analysis unveiled a plethora of secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and polysaccharides, which are known for their pharmacological activities. As this alga is commonly available in Asia-Pacific region and consist of effective phytochemicals like flavonoid, polysaccharide, phenol, carotenoid, it could be used in the future to develop new drugs. This scoping review highlights the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological effects and their relation with phytochemicals of R. riparium extracts.
Keywords : Ethnomedicinal; ethnopharmacological; phytochemicals; Rhizoclonium riparium,
Abstrak
Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey merupakan sejenis alga hijau air tawar yang telah digunakan secara tradisional dalam pelbagai budaya kerana dipercayai mempunyai khasiat perubatannya. Walaupun alga ini mempunyai pelbagai potensi manfaat terapeutik, pengetahuan saintifik mengenainya masih terhad. Kajian ini meneliti aspek etnobotani dan etnofarmakologi R. riparium dengan tujuan menjelaskan kegunaan tradisionalnya serta mengenal pasti kandungan fitokimia yang bertanggungjawab terhadap potensi terapeutiknya. Pencarian literatur secara kritikal telah dijalankan menggunakan pelbagai pangkalan data saintifik elektronik seperti SCOPUS, PubMed dan EBSCOhost, serta sumber tambahan termasuk Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect bagi artikel berkaitan yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2006 hingga 2025. Carian awal mengenal pasti sejumlah 1,409 artikel yang relevan. Melalui proses pemilihan yang teliti, hanya 12 artikel dipilih kerana memenuhi semua kriteria kemasukan yang ditetapkan. Kesemua kajian tersebut melaporkan kesan positif sederhana hingga ketara terhadap sifat etnoperubatan R. riparium. Ujian kimia in vitro menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob, antikulat, anti-radang, antioksidan dan antimutagenik yang signifikan. Analisis fitokimia pula mendedahkan kehadiran pelbagai metabolit sekunder, termasuk sebatian fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid dan polisakarida yang diketahui mempunyai aktiviti farmakologi. Memandangkan alga ini banyak terdapat di rantau Asia-Pasifik dan mengandungi fitokimia berpotensi tinggi seperti flavonoid, polisakarida, fenol dan karotenoid, ia berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam pembangunan ubat-ubatan baharu pada masa hadapan. Ulasan skop ini menyoroti kesan etnobotani dan etnofarmakologi ekstrak R. riparium serta hubung kaitnya dengan kandungan fitokimia yang terkandung di dalamnya.
Kata Kunci : Etnoperubatan; etnofarmakologi; fitokimia; Rhizoclonium riparium,

Correspondance Address
*Correspondence: shihab@uap-bd.edu


The flowchart made according to PRISMA-ScR guideline shows the selection process of the articles in the review