Adaptation and Modification of The Malay Language Version of Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) for Spasmodic Dysphonia

Expression of vWF with Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vol. 21 No. 2 : 2026 (871-883)

Rathakrishnan Venkatasamy Rathakrishnan Venkatasamy
Mawaddah Azman Mawaddah Azman
Marina Mat Baki Marina Mat Baki
Noor Azimah Muhammad Noor Azimah Muhammad

Abstract
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD), a neurogenic dysphonia, is characterised by involuntary spasms of the vocal cords. Existing questionnaires do not specifically capture the impact of impairment in SD. This qualitative study gathered insights from experts and SD patients through a three-stage process: adaptation and contextualisation of the Malay Voice Handicap Index-10 (mVHI-10), content validation by experts and face validation of the contextualised mVHI-10. Five new items were developed to represent key themes identified in patient interviews. The scale-level content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.95 for the preliminary items and 0.98 for the final items. The final SD-specific Voice Handicap Index questionnaire (SD-VHI-10) consists of 10 items; six retained from the original mVHI-10 and four adapted. Designed to reflect the experiences of SD patients in Malaysia, the SD-VHI-10 demonstrates strong content and face validity.
Keywords : Spasmodic dysphonia; voice disorder; voice handicap index,
Abstrak
Disfonia spasmodik (SD) ialah kekejangan pita suara yang berpunca daripada gangguan sistem saraf. Soal selidik sedia ada belum dirangka secara khusus untuk mencerminkan ketidakupayaan suara dalam kalangan pesakit SD. Kajian kualitatif ini mengumpulkan pandangan pakar dan pesakit SD melalui proses tiga peringkat, merangkumi: adaptasi dan pengubahan konteks Indeks Ketidakupayaan Suara versi Bahasa Melayu-10 (mVHI-10), pengesahan kandungan oleh pakar serta pengesahan rupa oleh pesakit bagi mVHI-10 yang telah dikontekstualkan. Lima item baharu telah dibangunkan bagi mewakili tema utama yang dikenal pasti dalam temu bual pesakit. Purata indeks kesahan kandungan pada tahap skala (S-CVI/Ave) ialah 0.95 bagi item awal dan 0.98 bagi item akhir. Soal selidik akhir yang dirangka khusus untuk SD, iaitu Indeks Ketidakupayaan Suara SD-10 (SD-VHI-10) mengandungi 10 item; enam dikekalkan daripada mVHI-10 dan empat ditambah berdasarkan dapatan kajian. Kesahihan SD-VHI-10 menunjukkan representasi yang kukuh terhadap pengalaman pesakit SD di Malaysia.
Kata Kunci : Disfonia spasmodik; indeks ketidakupayaan suara; masalah suara,

Correspondance Address
*Correspondence: rakrish05@gmail.com, p116275@siswa.ukm.edu.my